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gcc 4

1 1. Programming Languages Supported by GCC

Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

1 2. Language Standards Supported by GCC

Language Standards Supported by GCC

AArch64 Options Adapteva Epiphany Options ARC Options ARM Options AVR Options Blackfin Options C6X Options Compiling C++ Programs CR16 Options CRIS Options Darwin Options DEC Alpha Options Environment Variables Affecting GCC FR30 Options FRV Options GCC Command Options GNU/Linux Options H8/300 Options Hardware Models and Configurations HPPA Options i386 and x86-64 Windows Options IA-64 Options IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options LM32 Options M32C Options M32R/D Options M680x0 Options MCore Options MeP Options MicroBlaze Options MIPS Options MMIX Options MN10300 Options Moxie Options MSP430 Options NDS32 Options Nios II Options Option Summary Options Controlling C Dialect Options Controlling C++ Dialect Options Controlling Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects Options Controlling the Kind of Output Options Controlling the Preprocessor Options for Code Generation Conventions Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC Options for Directory Search Options for Linking Options for System V Options That Control Optimization Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting Options to Request or Suppress Warnings Passing Options to the Assembler PDP-11 Options picoChip Options PowerPC Options RL78 Options RX Options S/390 and zSeries Options Score Options SH Options Solaris 2 Options SPARC Options Specifying subprocesses and the switches to pass to them Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version SPU Options TILE-Gx Options TILEPro Options Using Precompiled Headers V850 Options VAX Options VMS Options VxWorks Options x86-64 Options Xstormy16 Options Xtensa Options zSeries Options

17 4. C Implementation-defined behavior

Architecture Arrays and pointers C Implementation-defined behavior Characters Declarators Environment Floating point Hints Identifiers Integers Library functions Locale-specific behavior Preprocessing directives Qualifiers Statements Structures, unions, enumerations, and bit-fields Translation

3 5. C++ Implementation-defined behavior

C++ Implementation-defined behavior Conditionally-supported behavior Exception handling

125 6. Extensions to the C Language Family

128-bit integers Additional Floating Types Alpha Built-in Functions Altera Nios II Built-in Functions Alternate Keywords An Inline Function is As Fast As a Macro ARC Built-in Functions ARC SIMD Built-in Functions Argument Types Arithmetic on void- and Function-Pointers ARM ACLE Intrinsics ARM iWMMXt Built-in Functions ARM NEON Intrinsics ARM Pragmas Arrays of Length Zero Arrays of Variable Length Assembler Instructions with C Expression Operands Attribute Syntax AVR Built-in Functions Binary constants using the ‘0b’ prefix Blackfin Built-in Functions Built-in functions for memory model aware atomic operations Built-in Functions Specific to Particular Target Machines C++ Style Comments Case Ranges Cast to a Union Type Cilk Plus C/C++ language extension Built-in Functions. Complex Numbers Compound Literals Conditionals with Omitted Operands Constraint Modifier Characters Constraints for asm Operands Constraints for Particular Machines Constructing Function Calls Controlling Names Used in Assembler Code Darwin Format Checks Darwin Pragmas Decimal Floating Types Declaring Attributes of Functions Defining Global Register Variables Designated Initializers Diagnostic Pragmas Directly-mapped Integer Functions Directly-mapped Media Functions Dollar Signs in Identifier Names Double-Word Integers Extensions to the C Language Family Fixed-Point Types Format Checks Specific to Particular Target Machines FR-V Built-in Functions Function Names as Strings Function Specific Option Pragmas Getting the Return or Frame Address of a Function Half-Precision Floating Point Hex Floats Incomplete enum Types Inquiring on Alignment of Types or Variables ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Edits for Thread-Local Storage ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Edits for Thread-Local Storage Labels as Values Legacy __sync Built-in Functions for Atomic Memory Access Locally Declared Labels Loop-Specific Pragmas M32C Pragmas Macros with a Variable Number of Arguments. MeP Pragmas MIPS DSP Built-in Functions MIPS Loongson Built-in Functions MIPS Paired-Single Support MIPS-3D Built-in Functions Mixed Declarations and Code MSP430 Built-in Functions Multiple Alternative Constraints Named Address Spaces NDS32 Built-in Functions Nested Functions Non-Constant Initializers Non-Lvalue Arrays May Have Subscripts Object Size Checking Built-in Functions Offsetof Other Built-in Functions Other Built-in Functions Provided by GCC Other MIPS Built-in Functions Paired-Single Arithmetic Paired-Single Built-in Functions picoChip Built-in Functions PowerPC AltiVec Built-in Functions PowerPC Built-in Functions PowerPC Hardware Transactional Memory Built-in Functions Pragmas Accepted by GCC Prototypes and Old-Style Function Definitions Push/Pop Macro Pragmas Raw read/write Functions Referring to a Type with typeof RS/6000 and PowerPC Pragmas RX Built-in Functions S/390 System z Built-in Functions SH Built-in Functions Simple Constraints Slightly Looser Rules for Escaped Newlines Solaris Format Checks Solaris Pragmas SPARC VIS Built-in Functions Specifying Attributes of Types Specifying Attributes of Variables Specifying Registers for Local Variables SPU Built-in Functions Statements and Declarations in Expressions Structure-Packing Pragmas Structures With No Members Symbol-Renaming Pragmas The Character <ESC> in Constants Thread-Local Storage TI C6X Built-in Functions TILE-Gx Built-in Functions TILEPro Built-in Functions Unnamed struct/union fields within structs/unions Using Vector Instructions through Built-in Functions Variables in Specified Registers Visibility Pragmas Weak Pragmas When is a Volatile Object Accessed? X86 Built-in Functions x86 specific memory model extensions for transactional memory X86 transaction memory intrinsics

14 7. Extensions to the C++ Language

#pragma interface and implementation Backwards Compatibility C++-Specific Variable, Function, and Type Attributes Deprecated Features Extensions to the C++ Language Extracting the function pointer from a bound pointer to member function Function Multiversioning Java Exceptions Namespace Association Restricting Pointer Aliasing Type Traits Vague Linkage When is a Volatile C++ Object Accessed? Where's the Template?

23 8. GNU Objective-C features

+load: Executing code before main @encode c99-like fast enumeration syntax compatibility_alias Constant string objects Dynamically registering methods Exceptions Fast enumeration Fast enumeration details Fast enumeration protocol Forwarding hook Garbage Collection GNU Objective-C features GNU Objective-C runtime API Legacy type encoding Messaging with the GNU Objective-C runtime Method signatures Modern GNU Objective-C runtime API Synchronization Traditional GNU Objective-C runtime API Type encoding Using fast enumeration What you can and what you cannot do in +load

1 9. Binary Compatibility

Binary Compatibility

6 10. gcov

Brief description of gcov data files Data file relocation to support cross-profiling gcov Introduction to gcov Invoking gcov Using gcov with GCC Optimization

14 11. Known Causes of Trouble

Actual Bugs We Haven't Fixed Yet Certain Changes We Don't Want to Make Common Misunderstandings with GNU C++ Declare and Define Static Members Disappointments and Misunderstandings Fixed Header Files Implicit Copy-Assignment for Virtual Bases Incompatibilities of GCC Interoperation Known Causes of Trouble with GCC Name lookup, templates, and accessing members of base classes Standard Libraries Temporaries May Vanish Before You Expect Warning Messages and Error Messages